Online music distribution in post

Online music distribution in post-Napster World Essay For the first time, music was practically available on demand to customer: as, when and where squired for free. The online channel also introduced a possibility of attracting advertisement and other complimentary business models that would earn back revenue in comparison to a CD distribution model where there was no scope to make additional revenue by any other means. Having said that, this was a model that was very easy to replicate and numerous new players emerged online providing similar services to customers. The model also infringed on the licensing agreements of music distribution as recording companies contested that music sharing accounted to music piracy. As customers came to expect music to be available for free, the online sharing portals were increasingly hard pressed to make viable revenue generating model. This had far reaching detrimental impact on the traditional companies engaged in the music production and distribution business. For a start their earning from sale of music dwindled as increasingly people relied on sharing music rather than buying them from stores. Stores were also constrained by the available shelf space to hold and display music Cads, whereas an online catalogue was practically infinite in size and exhaustive in content. Thus, with the success of Anapest and other similar websites, it was clear that the value of music distribution has significantly moved away from the conventional means to online distribution. Customers were unwilling to pay much for music and were demanding music that could be played back in different mediums as PCs, CD players, AMP players etc. The music recording Online music distribution in post-Anapest World By depraver not be stopped as users simply move on to the other networks. Since Anapest pioneered the music sharing phenomenon, the number of major music recording impasses has come down from 6 to 3. Major recording companies had to align their music distribution strategies to reflect the new values and expectations of the user base. Few of these strategies are discussed in the subsequent sections. What is the future of album companies? Is there a viable business model for them? There is a huge gap between the model offered by the album companies and the customer needs. Customers want access to the rare music; they want to be able to use it freely, get additional services and not be unreasonably charged for the same. The gap is being exploited by the new business models and peer to peer file sharing. The two main value propositions of the record companies were to be able to provide recording infrastructure to artists and to be able to provide access to the music market. However, both these value propositions were not sustainable and will continue to erode over time because of increased digitization, internet bandwidth and decreasing cost of recording music. The stand is vindicated by the sales data of the record companies. As we can see the revenues of the music industry has steadily fallen during the 2001-2010 period. The US revenues declined by 50% over the last decade. For the music companies to be more relevant, they will need to address the customer needs for unrestricted access, broad choice and additional services at a competitive price. As such, the album companies will have to move into newer business models to address the prevalent gap or perish. One viable business model for the album companies could be to look at newer revenue generation models around advertising to reduce pricing pressure on selling music, provide mass customization, partner to increase music availability and instinctive buying music by bundling in additional services leveraging. We would propose that the record companies continue to operate in the entire value chain from recording to digital distribution in the new model. .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745 , .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745 .postImageUrl , .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745 , .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745:hover , .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745:visited , .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745:active { border:0!important; } .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745:active , .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745 .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u52865b8ae6e10bda26549e7c01f04745:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music File Sharing and Should It Be Legal EssayHowever, new skills will be required for the same which can be obtained through acquisitions or partnerships. For the production of music we propose a risk based crowd sourcing model in which the album companies partner with the public, to raise funding for riskier songs, thus significantly reducing the revenue risk by the record company. For songs below the sis threshold, the companies can continue to fund the artist by themselves. In a social networked model where the marketer has a huge base of music fans, this will incentive newer artists to come to the record companies given their huge network of music lovers. We propose an intermediary, which holds the repository of digital music pooled from such an intermediary IEEE they can invest in such an intermediary. This intermediary will consolidate the available base of music and sell it. This would help to create a huge repository of music which the music fans can rely on. The consumers will have an option to directly stream the music from the intermediary site or download the music. We think that with the increase in broad band speed, consumers can access streaming music without any buffering. This is applicable mainly to developed countries now but gradually the broadband speed in developing will also a reach a level at which they can also use direct streaming services. The basic service can be free to the consumers and revenue can be generated from advertising. The intermediary will also have to provide a premium monthly subscription based revive in which it provides value added services like social networking platform for music fans. Fans of particular artists should be able to form groups and discuss. There would be mass customization with customers free to choose different bundles of songs based on their preferences. Additional services like meet the artist when he is on a tour, tickets to concerts, souvenirs memorabilia related to the artist etc. Would have to be bundled with the songs. Record companies will be able to use their contracts and relationship with the artist for materializing the same and this would vive room to each for developing their own competitive advantage. Advertising will have to be used extensively around the digital platform as an alternative revenue model. Record companies will again be able to differentiate themselves through their abilities to build effective partnerships to get relevant advertising. Such a model would address many of the pitfalls of the current model and be more relevant by fulfilling customer needs of a getting broad choice, unrestrictive usage and value added services when they buy music. However, the record companies will have to take on the digital marketing avatar for the same. Suggest an appropriate pricing strategy for the album companies in the context of recent developments. We propose a royalty based revenue sharing model between the album companies. The record company will get a share of royalties for the amount they have invested in the production of the song. The dissemination of the royalties would be the responsibility of the distributor. The distribution prices will be decided by the album companies. The price realized per song will be distributed to the intermediary, artist, album companies and public (if crowd funded) based on the royalty share of each. The distribution companies will be able to do a differential pricing for the songs. A pay per download, pricing model may be used. The users would be free to use and distribute the music in any which way without restriction. In a digital social networking context the fans could be used to promote the songs and earn redeemable points against which they would get price discounts. The advertising acceptable levels for the consumer and put him in control of the price as well. A multi-level marketing concept may also be applied wherein the fan could use to sell the music at a price he deems fit and pay a commission to the distributor for the same. .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a , .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a .postImageUrl , .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a , .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a:hover , .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a:visited , .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a:active { border:0!important; } .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a:active , .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uac36a81eb0ee0bfc0609968ed31c4f5a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music Appreciation EssayThe additional artist centered services and option to resell would create an added incentive to purchase music as opposed to download it from a peer to peer file sharing network. Geographical price discrimination will be an important factor in ensuring that the price arbitrage can be neutralized thus discouraging piracy. Price in each country has to be customized and made attractive to the target customers. In summary, we can conclude the business of music distribution is constantly evolving and the ease of sharing music has made the old business models obsolete. Few of the major recording labels have gone out of business and the others had to adapt to the change that the denationalization of music has entailed. With an ever increasingly internet enabled and connected world, music is now pre-packaged and bundled along with other applications for mobile devices. Through some innovative means the recording companies have continued to stay relevant in this challenging segment, albeit with significantly less profits compared to the pre Anapest days.

John Deere Complex Parts Essay Thesis Example For Students

John Deere Complex Parts Essay Thesis The company has adopted the new knowledge management system in order to tramline their system Of collecting, transferring, securing and managing the companys information. What legal issues, if any, might be involved in Noses proposal? The companies that were involved in the development Of Discovery Communications. Inc. Were Carefree Technologies, Lotus Domino Document Manger system, Webster Portal, and Lexiss. Carefree Technologies, Which is an IBM partner company, was brought on by Discovery Communications, Inc. o assist with their document management system and help with the tedious and cumbersome tasks of the companys personnel (National university, 2009). Carefree Technologies enabled the Lotus Domino Document Manger system to centralize and streamline the process of document creation, filing, management and retrieval of intimation. Carefree Technologies also enlisted the use of Webster to act as a web-based interface for the documents now managed by Lotus Domino Document Manager system to allow Carefree Technologies to customize the knowledge management system to cater to the companys needs. This nephew-based interface allows the company to create a portal which is a central location, a weapon, which provides access to commonly used information systems and communication tools. With the use of this portal, Lexiss is able to be used by employees to keep informed with the latest news and technologies. Carefree Technologies was able to give the company access to Other portal services that allows the personnel to track and manage the television production process and easily permit them to do the once tedious task Of accessing documents. What are the ethical issues involved in Noses proposal? The corporate portal was designed so that the company could easily have access to information systems and communication tools. Carefree Technologies enabled this portal so that the employees could have access to the web-based interface which would track the documents. This portal however opened up the opportunity for the company to merge the document management system with other portal services such as news, information and communications tools. This allows the employees to track their processes and locate any documents as they are now available through the knowledge management system, The system also provides the employees with the opportunity to utilize links to external website and news services with the use of Lexiss. Lastly, the corporate portal allows he Discovery Communications, Inc. Staff to communicate within the company with the use of instant messaging and company conferencing. Is this a true a partnering agreement? Discuss. Knowledge management is extremely popular and important today, Most companies will utilize knowledge management as a way of managing and tracking information within their business. This management system is put into place so the company can produce positive performance. This positive performance Comes in many different ways. In response to many environmental changes and advances in the procession of information, companies will need he use Of knowledge management to keep a competitive advantage (Min, 2008). Companies have adapted to todays changing environment by adopting these knowledge management systems to differentiate themselves from their competitors. These systems can allow companies to manage their assets and innovate and cooperate more effectively (Min, 2008). The superior capabilities of knowledge management systems provide an opportunity for the business to engage the most effective components and recognize the importance of communication to make informed, accurate decisions (McGrath, 2001). This yester can organize the companys knowledge resources, knowledge obtaining, organizing, and applying to make a sound routine the will enforce effectiveness (Min, 2008). The dynamic function of knowledge management to create, capture, and apply knowledge to achieve an organizations objective will allow them to be more profitable and successful (Sucker, 1986). In addition to increasing profits, the system can he also used to reduce costs and enhance research and development (Detainee Jackson, 2001). .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91 , .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91 .postImageUrl , .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91 , .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91:hover , .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91:visited , .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91:active { border:0!important; } .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91:active , .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91 .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc095e947a85ae523a645122656668a91:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Chevron EssayWith all of these advantages, it would be wasteful for a company to not employ knowledge management. As seen in the Discovery Communications, Inc. Example, the company can attribute their new productivity levels and increase in ease of securing documents to the knowledge management system that put into place by Carefree Technology. Like Discovery Communications, Inc. , knowledge management is so popular today because companies can collect, process and share knowledge to ignite employees creativity which in turn will make the business grow. Wending and Jangled (2003) explained the core of knowledge management is to convert companys knowledge resources into an increased company corporate competitiveness by Lully exploring, accumulating and using the companys knowledge resources. How should Mr.. Shabby analyze the proposal? Discovery Communications, Inc. Has made many Steps to move towards organizing their millions of documents. Hiring Carefree Technology and installing the system of digitizing their documents and creating an online presence was some of the most important of all the steps. Some of the most arduous tasks for Discovery Communications, Inc. S employees were obtaining the millions of documents as the papers were stored in various locations, The time consuming task was also cumbersome because once the employees found the documents, here was no way to tell if the documents were current. This new knowledge management system provided the company an opportunity to access these needed documents from any location an d he aware if the items were up to date and the appropriate materials needed. The retrieval of documents in this new document management system will end up being the most beneficial for the company. / saving time and integrating a more efficient system of storing documents, the company is allowing its workers to save time, By taking away from the time they usually spent searching for documents, employees can owe put forth their efforts into other tasks to help improve the company and their mission. The company can now attribute their reduced operating costs, their increased competitive advantage, their enhanced regulatory compliance, and their improved customer service to the enhanced document management system. It has been said that go percent Of senior executives claim that their document management system has helped them improve their business performance (Survey, 2008). The ability the company now has to track the documents. Where they are and where they are going, places accountability n the companys employees. Documents have less of chance of beckoning lost or misplaced among the processes with this new system because of the accountability. In organizing Discovery Communications, Inc. s documents, now more people can be included on the workflow of documents without wasting or creating extra time. Digitizing the documents allows the business to save on paper copies, which makes transferring documents much more efficient (American Behavioral, 2010). With the implementation and practice of Carefree Technology and its affiliates, Discovery Communications, Inc. Will he able to run TTS company and its document sharing and retrieval more efficiently and increase the moral of its company by improving its process. References American behavioral: A case study on the benefits of document management software. (2010).

Studying What Are My Struggles Strengths As A Person Essay Sample

Studying What Are My Struggles Strengths As A Person Essay SampleLooking at what are my strugglesstrengths as a student, an as a person essay sample may help you realize where you are going wrong in life. Studying and considering these things can help you deal with those things, you may have to face.On one hand we want to keep it together and that somehow someone should pay for this, but in reality people need help more than they want to pay for it. This means that you might not be able to pay for it yourself, so you will need to get help from the government. You might need to consider getting the help of a psychologist or social worker.Who do you really want to live in your house, your family or your neighbors? How do you feel about the day time versus the night time? If you feel like the days are more relaxing than the nights then maybe you should take a vacation.If you were a man and wanted to be a woman what would you do to change that? You could look in a mirror to find out what you look like or perhaps you could go and seek help from a doctor. You might also think about going on the internet and searching for information about a surgery or a drug. You can search for alternatives and ways to get what you want.Reality is often not what most people want. If you start looking at what are my strugglesstrengths as a student an as a person essay sample you will have many solutions to life's problems. Once you begin looking at how you might want to have a future as a person you will find that it is not just about dreams, dreams are wonderful and are very useful but it also goes towards the real world.You will be forced to deal with your feelings, thoughts and actions when dealing with how you could change the way you feel about yourself and your life by yourself. You will be encouraged to take an action to change those things which you believe are holding you back from the life you want. You will learn a lot from looking at what are my strugglesstrengths as a stu dent an as a person essay sample.What are my strugglesstrengths as a person essay sample is what helps to focus you on your dreams and goals. You will find that you want to work hard for everything you have got and you will try your best to do whatever it takes to succeed. One of the great things about this kind of life is that you can have someone to turn to for assistance and support.Think about what are my strugglesstrengths as a person essay sample and it can help you become the person you were meant to be. You may find that you can change your life as a person and you may find that you want to live life to the fullest.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment

Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Literature review Methodology Reference List Abstract It has been widely reported by the parents of the ADHD children that the latter experience a poor sense of time in their behaviors. Therefore this study paper seeks to find out the sense of time in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). the study that was carried out found out that many children are affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in their sense of time and therefore this matter should never be taken for granted.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Treatment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is advisable that parents should spend most of their time with their children in order to establish if they are free from this disorder. It is also important that children who suffer from ADHD should be taken to a psychiatr ist in order to manage this disorder. Introduction Undoubtedly, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common disorder found in children and adolescent and it is believed that it affects 5-10% of the children all over the world (Willcut, Doyle, Nigg, Faraone Pennington 2005). This disorder is characterized by hyperactivity pervasive, impulsivity and lack of proper attention. ADHD is a complicated disorder since it is caused by several factors and also the disorder exhibits many clinical conditions. According to the DSM-IV-R (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), it elaborates that there are three sub types of ADHD namely predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive and combined inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive. However, it has been established by various authors (Amador-Campos, Forns-Santacana, Guardia-Olmos Pero-Cebollero, 2006; Baldwin, Flake, Meaux, Chelonis, J.J., Edwards, M.C., Field, C.R. et al. 2004) that there are other indivi dual differences which cause ADHD other than the symptoms mentioned above. Literature review It is known that ADHD is mainly diagnosed in school going children even though it emerges in the years before the children go to school. However other studies based on community sample have revealed that the problem in behavior which is experienced in early life will likely to be linked to future difficulties in behavior. On the contrary few studies have highlighted the frequency with which children under the age of five years meet the criteria for ADHD (Barkley, 1990; Barkley 1997; Barkley, Koplowitz, Anderson McMurray, 1997). Generally, the studies mentioned above found out that approximately half of the young preschool children and almost three quarter of the older preschool children had behavior problem associated to ADHD with the range of age being assessed lying between 2-10 years (Harvey, Youngworth, Thaka Errazariz, 2009).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Le t's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In Barkley’s (1997) unifying theory, he examines that impairment to sense of time is one of the major difficulties presented to children with ADHD. He goes further by postulating that the primary deficiency in response led to secondary deficiencies. According to his theory, a working memory deficit leads to lack of proper attention and hinders the development of sense of time in ADHD children. The children are influenced by the recent activities while they tend to forget the activities which happened long ago. Levine Spivack (1959) reported that in a group of restless and emotionally disturbed boys there is conception of time constriction and longer estimation of time. Also Capul (1966) noted that children below the age of nine presented problem in estimation of time. Many researches support the theory of time perception deficit in ADHD children; (Baldwin et al., 2004; Barkley, Koplowitz, Ander son Mcmurray, 1997; Andreou, Agapitou Karapetsas, 2005; West et al., 2000 among others). The above named studies show that children with ADHD have difficulty in estimating time and they also have a discrepancy in tasks related to time reproduction. These children will tend to overestimate short time interval while underestimating long time intervals. Furthermore, it has been established that children with ADHD combined type varied greatly in their time reproduction errors compared to children with inattentive ADHD type (Barkley, 1990). Experimentally, children with ADHD have an ability to judge time interval appropriately while they fail to do so during their daily activities since they lack attention (Zakay, 2005). Piaget (1946) illustrated that time was not intuitive but it only resulted from the constructed thoughts. He defined time as â€Å"coordination of movements of different speeds† (p.269). Therefore time can never be studied alone from other factors such as causal ity and space. Examples are time invariance which is the ability to determine time through sequences and simultaneity, time metric operation which is the ability to measure time. Methodology The participants were 50 children with various ADHD symptoms (40 were boys while the rest were girls of age 6 to 13 years). This diagnosis was carried out by experienced child psychiatrists and the results were that 43 of the children suffered from combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive types while the remaining seven suffered from predominant inattentive type.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Treatment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was also revealed that 20 children suffered from other conditions; 4 dyslexia, 6 learning disorder, 3 anxiety disorder and 7 mood disorder. 42 of the children were continuing with their medication at the time of the stu dy even though they discontinued with medication 24 hours prior to the study (Quartier, Zimmerman Nashat 2010). There was a control group consisting of 50 children selected from schools. There was no significant difference between the two groups since they had similar characteristics concerning their age and their socioeconomic status. However, there was a large effect size in socioeconomic status which designates that more children with ADHD comes from lower socioeconomic class while the reverse is true for those that come from the upper socioeconomic class (Andreou, Agapitou Karapetsas, 2005). The children who had ADHD were selected from an association of patients who had ADHD and also from hospitals that offer mental services. The study was carried out after obtaining the consent from both parties i.e. their parents, children who had ADHD and the control group. The children who participated in this study were rewarded with gifts while their parents received the results of the s tudy after two months of the study. The time concept questionnaire (TCQ) was used to evaluate the knowledge of time in children with ADHD. This questionnaire consisted of 50 questions to be answered by the children from both the control group and the group that had ADHD. The questions were about time sequence and the orientation in time. There was a control grid which helped in rating the responses of the children towards the prompt of the question. For example, 1 for â€Å"right† and 0 for â€Å"wrong†. Then, the time that was taken to fill the questionnaire form completely was recorded in order to determine the level of attention between the two groups that were involved (Harvey, Youngworth, Thaka Errazariz 2009). Parents of these children were also asked to fill â€Å"Its About Time† questionnaire (IATQ) which intended to gauge the time perception. There were thirty items on the questionnaire which had to be responded according to a scale that ranged from â €Å"hardly† to â€Å"almost often†. A coefficient of .82 was estimated for the samples that were analyzed in the study. The scores that were obtained indicated the relationship with time oriental behavior i.e. lower scores showed that there was a problem in time oriental behavior and vice versa (Harvey, Youngworth, Thaka Errazariz 2009).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The results that were obtained after conducting interview on questionnaire were recorded in the table as follows. ADHD group N=50 Control group N=50 Effect size TCQ IATQ Total score Delay respect Anticipation Referring to past or future 52.10(5.02) 40.02(12.80) -.65(.93) -.80(.54) -.36(.89) 53.47(3.82) 75.34(24.82) .24(.78) .084(.74) .009(1.534) d = .52 d = 1.98 d = 1.34 d = 1. 15 d = .32 The results showed that children with ADHD did not necessarily differ from children without ADHD in their abilities to remember a series of events at a given time. However if this is compared with the Piagetian time conservation task which has a medium effect size of 0.55, it reveals that there is a slight possibility of vulnerability of event order in children with ADHD (Piaget, 1946). The results obtained from TCQ showed an important difference in the two groups of study. Generally the results indicate that children with ADHD had a difficult time in evaluating time concepts and they see med to be impaired in orientation of time. Parents of the children with ADHD frequently reported that their children were disorganized about time conservation and this is especially true according to our findings. This is so because the mean difference between the two groups for IATQ total score was at effect size of 1.98 representing a percentage of 98% of the ADHD group. Also it is worth to note that ADHD group were less prone to delay respect (large ES d =1.34), they are likely to think before acting (large ES d = 1.15) and more likely to be impulsive than the control group i.e. children without ADHD (Quartier, Zimmerman Nashat 2010). This study had an aim of investigating organization of behavior as compared to time management as well as time knowledge and time invariance in children with ADHD. According to the study, the results failed to establish that there was a deficit on time conservation in children with ADHD since there was no difference in time interval between the two groups. However analysis on the effect size reveals that children with ADHD performed poorly in tasks involving time as compared to the children without ADHD (Quartier, Zimmerman Nashat 2010). In conclusion, the study that was carried out found out that many children are affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in their sense of time and therefore this matter should never be taken for granted. It is advisable that parents should spend most of their time with their children in order to establish if they are free from this disorder. It is also important that children who suffer from ADHD should be taken to a psychiatrist in order to manage this disorder. If the children with ADHD are looked after properly, the level of the disorder will go down. However it is a challenge to various stakeholders to educate people about the menace of ADHD. Reference List Amador-Campos, J.A., Forns-Santacana, M., Guardia-Olmos,J., Pero-Cebollero, M. (2006). DSM-IV attention deficit hyperac tivity disorder symptoms: agreement between informants in prevalence and factor structure at different ages. Journal  of the Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 28, 23-32. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statiscal manual of mental  disorders DSM-IV-TR (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author. Andreou, G., Agapitou, P., Karapetsas, A. (2005). Verbal skills in children with ADHD.  European Journal of Special Needs Education, 20, 231-238. Baldwin, R.L., Flake, R.A., Meaux, J.B., Chelonis, J.J., Edwards, M.C., Field, C.R. et al. (2004). Effect of methylphenidate on time perception in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology,12, 57-64. Barkley, R.A (1997). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 65-94. Barkley, R.A. (1990). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a handbook for diagnosis  and treatment. New York: Guilford. Barkley, R.A., Koplowitz, S., Anderson, T McMurray, M.B. (1997). Sense of time in children with ADHD: Effects of duration, distraction and stimulant medication.  Journal of International Neuropsychological Society, 3, 359-369. Bauermeister, J.J., Barkley, R.A., Martinez, J.V., Cumba, E., Ramirez, R.R., Reina, G. et al. (2005). Time estimation and performance on reproduction tasks in subtype of children with ADHD journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology ,34, 151-162. Capul, M. (1966). Étude des difficultà ©s temporelles chez des enfants inadaptà ©s [A study of temporal difficulties in maladjusted children]. Revue de Neuropsychiatrie Infantile et d’Hygià ¨ne Mentale de l’Enfance, 14, 19–39. Harvey E.A., Youngworth S.D., Thaka D.A Errazariz P.A. (2009). Predicting Attention – Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder from preschool diagnostic assessments. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 77, 349- 354. Levine, M., Spivack, G. (1959). Incentive, time conception, and self-control in a group of emotionally disturbed boys. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8, 110–113. Mullins, C., Bellgrove, M.A., Gill, M., Robertson, I.H. (2005). Variability in time reproduction: Difference in ADHD combined and inattentive subtypes. Journal of  American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 169–176. Piaget, J. (1946). Le developpement de la notion de temps chez l’enfant. [The child conception of time]. Paris: PUF. Quartier V., Zimmerman G. Nashat S. (2010). Sense of time in children with Attention- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Swiss Journal of Psychology, 69(1), 7-14. West, J., Douglas, G., Houghton, S., Lawrence, V., Whiting, K.,Glasgow, K. (2000). Time perception in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder according to time duration, distraction, and mode of presentation. Child Neuropsychology, 6, 241†“250. Willcutt, E.G., Doyle, A.E., Nigg, J.T., Faraone, S.V., Pennington, B.F. (2005). Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1336–1346. Zakay, D. (2005). Attention et jugement temporel. [Attention and duration judgment.]  Psychologie Franà §aise, 50, 65–79. This research paper on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Treatment was written and submitted by user Cedric A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Green Anaconda essays The Green Anaconda is considered to be the biggest snake in the world but this is not the longest. Physically, it is dark green with black elliptical patches and the length is 9 meters. It can weigh a hefty 250 kg and have a girth of more than 12 inches in diameter (Szdocent, 2006). Anaconda can eat an elephant because their jaw can expand. Scientific Classification taken from Busch Entertainment Corporation (2006): Common Name: green anaconda, common anaconda, water boa Genus Species: Eunectes (good swimmer) murinus (mouse colored) Green Anacondas live in water most of the time; they are good swimmers and can travel in fast motion. But they cannot move fast in the land since they are big enough to carry themselves. The head of the anaconda usually lies on the surface of the water while the body is underwater but they can submerge the whole body for a maximum of 10 minutes to catch big fish to nourish themselves and in the surface they catch birds that at the same time try to capture a fish. Anaconda eats anything as long as it is edible for them; they are also believed to be cannibalistic since they eat their own species. People are not on the menu, but caimans (similar to alligators), capybaras (100-pound South American rodents) and deer are (Shedd, 2006). They have very sharp teeth and always lying without moving until they see a victim that they move quickly, grab them and bring them under water to eat. According to Szdocent (2006): Anacondas are constrictors. The snake squeezes tighter each time its prey breathes out, so the prey cannot breathe in again. This goes on until the prey dies of suffocation. Anacondas swallow their prey whole, starting with the head. This is so the legs fold up and the prey goes down smoothly. Anacondas can swallow prey much bigger than the size of its mouth since its jaw can unhinge and the ...

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